Maxay tahay sababta loo yaqaan 'Nickel based Alloys'?

Alloys-ku-saleysan Nickel

Daawooyinka Nickel ku saleysan ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'superalloys' ku saleysan niiko sababtoo ah xooggooda muuqda, iska caabinta kuleylka iyo caabbinta daxalka. Qaab-dhismeedka madadaalo ee wejiga xuduntiisu waa astaamo lagu garto alaabooyinka ni-ku saleysan maaddaama nickel uu u shaqeeyo sidii xasilloonida austenite.

Waxyaabaha kiimikada dheeriga ah ee caadiga ah ee loo yaqaan 'nickel-alloys' waa chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, iron iyo tungsten.

Inconel® iyo Hastelloy® Alloys oo fadhigoodu yahay Nickel

Laba ka mid ah qoysaska ugu badan ee nikkel ku dhisan waa Inconel® iyo Hastelloy®. Soosaarayaasha kale ee xusida mudan waa Waspaloy®, Allvac® iyo General Electric®.

Waxyaabaha ugu caansan ee ku-saleysan 'nickel' ee 'nickel' ku saleysan waa:

• Inconel® 600, 2.4816 (72% Ni, 14-17% Cr, 6-10% Fe, 1% Mn, 0.5% Cu): Nukliyeel nikil-chrome-bir ah oo soo bandhiga xasilooni heerkeedu sarreeyo. Xasiloon ka hor tag koloriin iyo biyo koloriin.
• Inconel® 617, 2.4663 (dheelitirka Nickel, 20-23% Cr, 2% Fe, 10-13% Co, 8-10% Mo, 1.5% Al, 0.7% Mn, 0.7% Si): Daawadan ayaa inta badan laga sameeyay nikkel , chrome, cobalt iyo molybdenum waxay muujisaa awood sare iyo iska caabin kuleylka.
• Inconel® 718 2.4668 (50-55% Ni, 17-21% Cr, dheelitirka birta, 4.75-5.5% Nb, 2.8-3.3% Mo, 1% Co,): Daawada nikkel-chrome-iron-molybdenum oo adag caan ku ah shaqo wanaag iyo sifooyin farsamo oo heer sare ah.

Hastelloy® alloys-ku-saleysan nickel ayaa caan ku ah iska caabbinta ka dhanka ah asiidhyada. Kuwa ugu caansan waa:

• Hastelloy® C-4, 2.4610 (dheelitirka Nickel, 14.5 - 17.5% Cr, 0 - 2% Co, 14 - 17% Mo, 0 - 3% Fe, 0 - 1% Mn): C-4 waa nikkel daawaha loo yaqaan 'chrome-molybdenum alloy' kaas oo lagu dabaqo bey'ada leh asiidh aan dabiici ahayn.
• Hastelloy® C-22, 2.4602 (dheelitirka Nickel, 20 -22.5% Cr, 0 - 2.5% Co, 12.5 - 14.5% Mo, 0 - 3% Fe, 0-0.5% Mn, 2.5 -3.5 W): C- 22 waa daawaha u adkaysta daxalka u-adkaysiga nikkel-chrome-molybdenum-tungsten oo muujiya adkeysi wanaagsan oo ka dhan ah asiidhyada.
• Hastelloy® C-2000, 2.4675 (dheelitirka Nickel, 23% Cr, 2% Co, 16% Mo, 3% Fe): C-2000 waxaa loo adeegsadaa bey'ado leh oksaydhyo dagaal badan, sida sulfuric acid iyo chloride ferric.

♦ Hagaajinta cimri dhererka qaybaha shaqada ku salaysan nikkel

Alloysyada ku saleysan 'Nickel' waxaa lagu yaqaannaa astaamo farsamo oo aad u fiican sida iska caabbinta daxalka iyo xasilloonida heerkulka sare. Si kastaba ha noqotee, ku dhowaad wax shaqo ahi weligood ma sii jiri karaan, iyada oo aan loo eegin sida ay u qurux badan tahay maaddada. Si loo dheereeyo cimriga qaybo ka mid ah, astaamaha 'nickel' ku saleysan waxaa lagu daaweyn karaa BoroCoat®, daaweynteenna faafitaanka si weyn kor loogu qaado daxalka iyo xirashada iska caabinta iyo sidoo kale in la helo xasillooni ka soo horjeedka oksaydhyada.

Lakabyada faafitaanka ee BoroCoat® waxay hagaajinayaan adkaanta dusha sare illaa 2600 HV iyadoo la ilaalinayo lakabka faafitaanka ee 60 µm. Cadaadiska xirashada ayaa si aad ah loo hagaajiyay, sida lagu caddeeyay pin-ka tijaabada diskiga. Inkasta oo xirashada xirashada aaladaha nikkel-ku-saleysan ee aan la daaweyn ay kordhiso muddada dheer ee biinku uu meerto, aaladaha ni-ku-saleysan ee leh BoroCoat® waxay muujinayaan qoto dheer xirnaanta hooseysa ee imtixaanka oo dhan.

♦ Aagagga Arjiga

Daawaha loo yaqaan 'nickel base' waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa jawi adag oo u baahan iska caabin wanaagsan oo ka dhan ah heerkulka sare iyo hooseeya, qiijiinta / daxalka iyo xoogga sare. Tani waa sababta codsiyadu ay ugu jiraan laakiin aan ugu xaddidnayn: injineernimada marawaxadaha, tikniyoolajiyadda dhirta korantada, warshadaha kiimikada, injineernimada aerospace iyo filtarka / qalabka.

 Qiyaastii 60% nikkel-ka adduunka ayaa ku dhammaada inay ka mid yihiin birta birta ah. Waxaa loo xushay xooggiisa, adayggiisa, iyo u adkaysiga daxalka. Duplex ahama biraha caadi ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin ku saabsan 5% nikkel, austenitics agagaarka 10% nickel, iyo super austenitics ka badan 20%. Fasallada kuleylka u adkaysta badanaa waxay ka kooban yihiin in ka badan 35% nikkel. Alloysyada ku saleysan nikilka guud ahaan waxay ka kooban yihiin 50% nikkel ama ka badan.